Internal-combustion engine



May 7, 1929. A. MOORHOUSE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 18

Patented May 7, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE.

ALFRED MOORHOUSE, 012 DETROIT, MICHIGAN; ASSIGNOR TO PACKARD MOTOR CAR- COMPANY, 013 DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OFMICHIGAN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed February 18, 1924. Serial No. 693,418.

Another object is to provide a cooling sys' tem for internal combustion engines in which any vapor formed in the cooling aclrets shall be condensed, and loss of the cooling fluid thereby reduced.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the following description takenin connection with the drawings, which fornr a part of this specification, and in which: Fig. 1 is a View, partially 1n section and partially in broken elevation of the forward end of an internal cou'lhustionengine showing the application of this invention thereto;

big. 2 is a front elevation, partially in section, of a portion of the apparatus illustratcd in 1;

3 a view in side elevation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2, with portions broken away; I

Fig. l is a longitudinal section through the pump and j acitet inlet connection, taken sub stantially on the line d-Ae of Fig. 3, and

lfig. 5 is a diagram showing the c1rcula tion of the cooling fluid through the various;

portions of the system.

Most of those cooling systems for internal combustion engines which employ the circulation of water or other appropriate liquid in heat exchanging relation with the engine cylinders are either of the thermo-siphon or of the forced circulation type. In the thermosiphon or natural system, circulation is ol tained by reason of the difference in weight between the hot and cold liquid. The heat imparted to the water in the cooling jackets causes it to rise therein and it thenflows through a suitable connection to the upper part of the engine radiator, wherein it 1s cooled. lt descends by gravity througlrthe radiator, flowing out at the bottom thereof an arrangement by which the circulation Q'l more even temperature of the engine cyline piers and possesses structural simplicity. rlowever, it has the disadvantage that after fllti tilltll't volume ofliquid is heated to the bo ling tr nnperaturethe. rate of circulation. does not ncrease with further heat, and the heat absorbing ability is therefore limited.

In the forced circulation system the cooling jackets and theengine radiator are con nected in series with a suitable power driven pump so that the cooling fluid is positively circulated through th s system. In this an rangem'ent a comparatively small volume of water is circulated at a relatively high speed. :fhe rate of circulation may or may not be n proportion to the heat developed, butit is usually in proportion to engine speedand the heat dissipating ability of such systems is ordinarily greater thanthat ofcoinparahle the1'n1o-si hon systems. For this reason itis the better adapted for engines which run for considerable periods at full speed.

In liquid cooling systems of all types a certain amount of the fluid is lost, causedv by the formation of vapor orsteain in-the jack: etsywhich vapor escapes through the vent provided at the highest point in the system; usually the upper end of thera diator.

By the present invention is provided a cool ing system in which are combined the advan tages of both thermmsiphon and forced cir- CllllLtXOH systems. (this is obtained through liquid throughthe (*OOllljiQjtlkltQt; is maintained by the 'hermal effect, thus insuring;

uniformi ty of cyl in d or wall temperature, and the circulation through theradiator isforced, thus insurin an adequate cooling ofthe liquidmedium. The invention also provides means by which loss of the cooling fluid caused by the escape thereof in a vaporous state at the top of the radiator, is .)reventedf Referring to the drawing, at lOis shown a portion of an internal combustionengineha'w ingthe'usual block of cylinders 11 in which pistons 12 are adapted to reciprocate'in the ordinary manner. The pistons 12 are connectedby means of rods 13 with a crank shaft 14;journaled in bearings 16 in the engine crank case 17. i The engine is provided with a camshaft 18 formed with cams 19 and actuatedvin any suitable manner, as by means of the chain 21 from the crank shaft 14. The cams 19 are adapted to actuate suitable valves (not shown) by means of which the admission of fuel to and the exhaust of burned gases from the engine cylinders 11 is controlled, in a manner well understood in the art to which this invention relates.

The cylinders 12 are surrounded by suitable spaces forming cooling jackets '22 through which a liquid is circulated to cool the engine in the usual manner. Any suitable liquid maybe circulated through the jackets 22, but waterispreferably employed, and the cooling fluid will be hereinafter so referred to. The lower portions of the jackets 22 are connected by a suitable distributing manifold, the cover of which is pipe 27.

- ing with each of the jackets 22.

shown as a plate 23 removably secured to the cylinder casting as by means of the screws 24. The distributing manifold is provided near its forward end with an intake 26, which, as shown, consists of a flange connection adapted for cooperation with an intake Above the cooling jackets 22 is located a cooling discharge manifold 28 communicat- The manifold 28 is preferably formed with an increasing sectiontoward the forward end of the engine and is adapted to receive the heated water from each'ofthe jackets 22. The forward end of the manifold 28 is provided with an upwardly disposed portion forming a housing 29.. This housing may be connected in any convenient manner, as by means of the hose connection 31, with the intake pipe 32 of'a suitable radiator 33.

The radiator33 preferably consists of an upper tank 34 and a lower tank 36 connected by a suitable cooling section 37 through which the'cooling water is adapted to flow. The water conducting ortion of the section 37 may be of any suitab e structure, and preferably comprises'a large number of small I water passages having a large radiating surface. and formed to permit of intimate contact with the atmospheric air in a manner well understood in this art.

7 The lower radiator tank 36 is provided with a suitable outlet 38 which is adapted for pump'46 which: may be of. any suitable construction but which is preferably of the centrifugal type, mounted on a shaft 47 which projects through a" packing gland 48 in the forward will of the housing 46 and is adapted tobe driven. from the engine in any convenientma'nnenas by means of the belt 49. The structure of the pump 46 is well known in the art to which this invention relates and further description thereof is omitted. The pipe 42 communicates with the intake passage of the pump 46, and the discharge passage 51 thereof communicates by means of a suitable connection 52 with the vertically arranged conduit 53, suitably secured on the side of the engine block.

The pipe 53 is provided at its upper end with a flange 54 by means of which it is con nected to the housing 29 so as to register with a passage 56 formed therein. This passage 56 terminates in a nozzle 57 of any desired configuration, preferably co-axial with and upwardly disposed in the housing 29. It will be apparent that the pipe 42, the housing 44, and the conduit 53 with its associated nozzle 57 constitute a by-pass for the cooling jackets 22, being in parallel therewith. It will also be seen that the pipe 41 serves to divide the cooling water from the radiator outlet 38, between the jackets 22 and the hypass just mentioned.

The operation. of the device will be evident. Heat is absorbed by the cooling water in the jackets 22 and becoming lighter is displaced therein by cold water entering through the distributing manifold from the jacket intake 26. The heated water enters the jacket discharge manifold 28 and rises in the forward end' thereof into the housing 29. At this point it meets a jet of cold water from the nozzle 57, under the pressure developed by the pump 46, which exerts an ejector action thereon, condensing and cooling any vapor or steam carried by the heated water from the manifold 28. The partially cold water then rises through the connector 31 and the radiator intake 32 and enters the upper radiator tank ,34. From the tank 34 the water descends in the usual manner through the radiator cooling section 37 where its heat is transferred to the atmospheric air passing therethrough in the well known manner. The cold water enters the lower radiator tank 36 from which it flows by way of the radiator outlet 38 and the connector 39 to the distribution pipe 41, in which it is divided between the pump 46 and the ackets 22.

It will be seen that that portion of the cooling system which includes the jackets 22. operates on the thermo-siphon system, so that the circulation therein depends on the heat developed by the engine. This insures a more even'operating temperature for the cylinders 11, as has been heretofore pointed out.

. On the other hand that portion of the system which includes the radiator operates on the forced feed principle, with its relatively greater cooling effect, so that adequate cooling of the engine as a whole is insured.

It will be noticed that the pump 46 is in series with the radiator and in parallel with the jackets 22.

Should the engine be operated upon a heavy load for a sutlicient length of time to boil the water in the ackets 22, the resulting steam will be quickly and easily condensed in the housing 29 on meeting the jet of cold. water from the nozzle 57. As this condensate iuingles with the stream of water entering the radiator inlet 32, no loss of Water will occur from this cause,

it will be understood that arious forms ot the invention other] than those described above may be used Without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

ll hat is claimed is:

it. The combination with an internal C0111- bus ion engine of a cooling system comprislug cooling jackets, a radiator, a pump, and branched connections between the radiator outlet and the radiator inlet including the pump and said acliets in parallel.

52. The combination. with an internal combastion en gine of a coolingsystem comprising jackets, a radiator, a pump, a connection adapted to divide water from the radiator outlet between the pump and the jackets, and means connecting the pump and the jacketoutlets to the radiator inlet.

3. The combination with an internal co1nbustion engine oi a cooling system comprisin jackets, a radiator, a pump, and conduits ha vine; common portions from the jacket out let and the pump outlet to the radiator inlet, from the radiator outlet to the jacket inlet and the pump inlet.

4-. The combination with an internal combustion engine of a cooling; system including jackets, a radiator arranged to secure a thermally induced circulation through said jackets, and means to provide a forced circulation through the radiator, said jackets lemming a bypass for said means.

5'). The combination with an internal com bastion engine including cooling jackets and 1 and later o'l conduits connecting said aclrets min a :torced circulation of water A the radiator, and means connecting he pump beta. zen said conduits to term a pass tor said aclrets.

ind raruator in series, a pump adapted to] Suld jackets adapted to maintain a forced circulation through the radiator, and a jet in the discharge from said pump adapted to exert an ector action on the discharge from said jackets.

7. The combination with an internal combastion engine including cooling jackets and a radiator connected to form a closed circulatory system, of a pump adapted to draw liquid from the radiator outlet and to discharge it into the jacket outlet only to exert an ejector action thereon.

8. The combination with an internal combustion engine of a water cooling system l1aving a cylinder jacaet, a housing on the engine cou'ununicatin with the jacket outlet, a radiator, a connection from the housing to the radiator inle and means to supply a jet of cold water under pressure to said housing.

9. The combination with an internal combustion engine of a water cooling; systen'i having cylinder jackets and a radiator, a connection from the jacket outlet to the radiator inlet, a connection from theradiator outlet to the jacket inlet, a pump adapted to with- (flraw water from the last named connection, and a nozzle in the first named connection supplied by said pump.

10. The combination with an internal conilnist-ion engine of a cooling system having cooling facl-rets and radiator, a housing; on the engine communicating with the jacket outlet and connected to the radiator inlet, a pump, connections in parallel from the radiator outlet to the jacket and the pump,aud a nozzle in the housing adapted to he s i plied by the pump.

11. In a cooling; system for motor vehicles, a radiator, a cooling jacket connected to the radiator to form a closed system, a nozzle in the connection between the jacket and the radiator inlet, and a pump in parallel with the acket and connected tothe nozzle to exert an. ejector action on said acltet.

12. in a coolino' s steuii or motor FGlllCllf-l U .l a 

